12/19/2023 0 Comments Skychart 3.8In general, all four giant planets of the solar system can cause gravitational perturbations on the orbits of minor bodies, which even can lead to their ejection from the solar system, with Jupiter and Neptune being the most important gravitational perturbers. According to Laughlin & Batygin ( 2017), for a planet to effectively act as gravitational perturber of small bodies, the ratio between the escape velocity from its surface and its average orbital velocity must significantly exceed unity. Either they are scattered by close stellar flybys on hyperbolic orbits towards the Sun, or they are long periodic comets on highly eccentric orbits, whose eccentricity is then excited during close encounters with the giant planets in the solar system. These minor bodies mainly originate from the Oort cloud. According to the JPL Small-Body Database Browser of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 230 such objects are known due to the end of November 2019, which exhibit significantly hyperbolic orbits ( e − 3 σ( e) ≥ 1). Minor bodies were also detected on open (i.e., parabolic or hyperbolic) orbits around the Sun, and almost all of them are comets. Most of these objects are comets, among them 1P/Halley ( e∼0.97), whose periodic reappearance in the inner solar system was first noticed by Edmund Halley in 1705. In addition, also minor bodies on closed but highly eccentric orbits with orbital eccentricities e > 0.9 were found in the solar system. The vast majority of small bodies, detected in the solar system, revolve around the Sun on low eccentric orbits mainly within the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and in the Kuiper belt beyond the outer ice giant Neptune. 10 5 km, assuming an anti-solar orientation.10 4 km, and the length of the tail of the comet measures (1.52 ± 0.12).During our observing campaign the coma of comet 2I/Borisov exhibits on average a diameter of (4.57 ± 0.38) ![]() The slope of this correlation indicates the activity of the comet, which is also detected in deep imaging data, taken in five observing epochs, showing the coma and the tail of the comet. ![]() The distance corrected brightness of the nucleus of the comet clearly exhibits a linear correlation with its phase angle. According to our best-fitting orbital solution, comet 2I/Borisov reaches its perihelion on 2019 Dec 8 ( q = 2.0066 au) and its closest encounter with Earth on 2019 Dec 28 ( Δ min = 1.9368 au). The orbital solution of the comet, derived from the obtained astrometric measurements, confirms its highly eccentric ( e = 3.3570 ± 0.0006) and inclined ( i = 44.0524 ± 0.0004 °) orbit, that proves the interstellar origin of the comet. Follow-up imaging observations of the first detected interstellar comet 2I/Borisov are presented, which were carried out with the Schmidt-Teleskop-Kamera at the University Observatory Jena in 11 observing epochs in October and November 2019.
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